San Marino–European Union relations

Euro-Sammarinese relations
Map indicating locations of European Union and San Marino

European Union
San Marino

Relations between San Marino and the European Union (EU) began in February 1983.[1]

Agreements

San Marino is not party to the Schengen Agreement, however it has an open border with the EU (although some random police checks are made) and has had a customs union with the EU (since 1991, including agricultural produce since 2002).[1][2] San Marino and the EU have also concluded an agreement on savings taxation.[1]

Via a monetary agreement, San Marino uses the euro as its sole currency (it previously used the Sammarinese lira, set at par with the Italian lira) and is allowed to mint a limited number of coins itself with their own design.[1]

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Future integration

In November 2012, after the Council of the European Union had called for an evaluation of the EU's relations with the sovereign European microstates of Andorra, Monaco and San Marino, which they described as "fragmented",[3] the European Commission published a report outlining options for their further integration into the EU.[4] Unlike Liechtenstein, which is a member of the European Economic Area (EEA) via the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the Schengen Agreement, relations with these three states are based on a collection of agreements covering specific issues. The report examined four alternatives to the current situation: 1) a Sectoral Approach with separate agreements with each state covering an entire policy area, 2) a comprehensive, multilateral Framework Association Agreement (FAA) with the three states, 3) EEA membership, and 4) EU membership. The Commission argued that the sectoral approach did not address the major issues and was still needlessly complicated, while EU membership was dismissed in the near future because "the EU institutions are currently not adapted to the accession of such small-sized countries." The remaining options, EEA membership and a FAA with the states, were found to be viable and were recommended by the Commission. In response, the Council requested that negotiations with the three microstates on further integration continue, and that a report be prepared by the end of 2013 detailing the implications of the two viable alternatives and recommendations on how to proceed.[5]

As EEA membership is currently only open to EFTA or EU members, the consent of existing EFTA member states is required for the microstates to join the EEA without becoming members of the EU. In 2011, Jonas Gahr Støre, the then Foreign Minister of Norway which is an EFTA member state, said that EFTA/EEA membership for the microstates was not the appropriate mechanism for their integration into the internal market due to their different requirements than large countries such as Norway, and suggested that a simplified association would be better suited for them.[6]Espen Barth Eide, Støre's successor, responded to the Commission's report in late 2012 by questioning whether the microstates have sufficient administrative capabilities to meet the obligations of EEA membership. However, he stated that Norway was open to the possibility of EFTA membership for the microstates if they decide to submit an application, and that the country had not made a final decision on the matter.[7][8][9][10] Pascal Schafhauser, the Counsellor of the Liechtenstein Mission to the EU, said that Liechtenstein, another EFTA member state, was willing to discuss EEA membership for the microstates provided their joining did not impede the functioning of the organization. However, he suggested that the option direct membership in the EEA for the microstates, outside of both the EFTA and the EU, should be given consideration.[9]

Full membership

The left-wing opposition Popular Alliance has been reported to be in favour of joining the EU, while the ruling San Marinese Christian Democratic Party opposes.[11]

In 2010 the Parliament tasked the government to open negotiations for further integration with the European Union,[12] and subsequently a technical group prepared a report on EU and EEA membership.[13]

A campaign was launched in 2010 aiming to collect enough signatures to force a referendum on EU membership for San Marino.[14][15][16] However, after the referendum was set for 27 March 2011, it was canceled on 1 of February by the government which claimed that the question had been resolved after they sent a letter to the EU Commission and Council requesting "greater integration of the Republic of San Marino with the European Union". However, the letter did not request full membership in the EU for San Marino.[17]

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See also

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References

  1. ^ a b c d EU's relations with San Marino, European External Action Service
  2. ^ Customs union with some goods excluded. [1], [2]
  3. ^ "Council conclusions on EU relations with EFTA countries". Council of the European Union. 2012-12-14. Retrieved 2013-04-01. 
  4. ^ "Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee of the Regions - EU Relations with the Principality of Andorra, the Principality of Monaco and the Republic of San Marino - Options for Closer Integration with the EU". 2012. 
  5. ^ "Council conclusions on EU relations with the Principality of Andorra, the Republic of San Marino and the Principality of Monaco". Council of the European Union. 2012-12-20. Retrieved 2013-04-01. 
  6. ^ "Norge sier nei til nye mikrostater i EØS". 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2013-04-06. 
  7. ^ "Innlegg på møte i Stortingets europautvalg". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway. 2013-01-28. Retrieved 2013-04-01. 
  8. ^ "Eide: Bedre blir det ikke". 2012-12-21. Retrieved 2013-04-01. 
  9. ^ a b Aalberg Undheim, Eva (2012-12-08). "Regjeringa open for diskutere EØS-medlemskap for mikrostatar" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2013-04-06. 
  10. ^ "La Norvegia chiude le porte a San Marino". La Tribuna Sammarinese. 2013-01-03. p. 7. Retrieved 2013-04-06. 
  11. ^ 'Oldest republic' torn by poll-rig claims, The Australian, 2006-06-06[dead link]
  12. ^ Decision submitted by the Parliamentary Groups of the Majority for a better integration of the Republic of San Marino with the European Union, approved by the Great and General Council during its sitting of 15 December 2010
  13. ^ Summary of the Final Report prepared by the Technical Group for the Assessment of new Policies for the Integration with the European Union - February 2011
  14. ^ "Comitato promotore del referendum propositivo sulla richiesta di adesione all'Unione Europea". 
  15. ^ "Comunicato stampa". Comitato promotore del referendum propositivo sulla richiesta di adesione all'Unione Europea. 2010-07-21. Retrieved 2013-04-06. 
  16. ^ "Clarification on the campaign for the collection of signatures for a referendum on the accession of San Marino to the European Union". Minister for Foreign Affairs of San Marino. 2010-08-05. Retrieved 2013-04-06. 
  17. ^ "Comunicato stampa". Comitato promotore del referendum propositivo sulla richiesta di adesione all'Unione Europea. 2011-02-25. Retrieved 2013-04-06. 
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External links
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Last modified on 17 May 2013, at 09:17