List of regencies and cities of Indonesia

      This article is part
      of the series
      Subdivisions
      of Indonesia
      Province level
      Provinces
      City & Regency level
      Cities
      Regencies
      District level
      Districts
      Village level
      Villages

      This is the list of regencies and cities of Indonesia, one step lower hierarchy of the Indonesia administrative division below the provincial government (sometimes it was called "the second level region").[1]

      In Indonesia, both Regency and City are the same administration level, having their own local government and legislative body. The difference between a Regency and a City lies in demography, size and economy. Generally, a regency comprises a rural, larger area than a city. A city usually has non-agricultural economic activities.

      A regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) is headed by a regent (bupati), while a city is headed by a mayor (walikota). All regents, mayors and member of representatives are directly elected for five years term. However, in Jakarta Special Capital Region, mayors and regents are chosen by the Governor. Each regency or city is divided further into sub-districts.

      Following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services. [2]

      The list below groups regencies and cities in Indonesia by provinces. Note that each regency has a capital city (the regency seat).[3]

      Description

      Etymology

      The title of "bupati" is originally a loanword from Sanskrit language of India, a shortening from bhumi-pati, which means "lord ("pati", "पति") of the land ("bhumi", "भूमि")". Title of "bupati" is used as Javanese title of for regional rulers in precolonial kingdoms. The first recorded usage of this title is from Telaga Batu inscription dated during Srivijaya period, which mentions "bhupati" as one of title for local rulers who paid allegiance to the Srivijaya's kings. Related titles which also used in precolonial Indonesia are Adipati ("high lord") and Senapati ("lord of the Army", or "general")

      Origin of "regency"

      Portrait of a Javanese regent in gala uniform (circa 1900)

      A regency (Indonesian: kabupaten) is a political subdivision of a province in Indonesia. The Indonesian term kabupaten is also sometimes translated as "district" or "municipality". Regencies are divided into Subdistricts (Kecamatan).

      The English name "regency" comes from the Dutch colonial period, when regencies were ruled by bupati (or regents) and were known as regentschap (kabupaten in Javanese and subsequently Indonesian). Bupati had been regional lords under the pre-colonial monarchies of Java. When the Dutch abolished or curtailed those monarchies, the bupati were left as the most senior indigenous authority. They were not strictly speaking "native rulers" because the Dutch claimed full sovereignty over their territory, but in practice they had many of the attributes of petty kings (including elaborate regalia and palaces, and a high degree of impunity).

      Regencies in Java territorial units were grouped together into Residencies headed by exclusively European Residents. This term hinted that the Residents had a quasi-diplomatic status in relation to the bupati (and indeed they had such a relationship with the native rulers who continued to prevail in much of Indonesia outside Java), but in practice the bupati had to follow Dutch instructions on any matter of concern to the colonial authorities.

      The relationship between those sides was ambivalent: while legal and military power rested with the Dutch government (or, for a long time, with the Dutch East India Company (commonly known as the VOC, an abbreviation of the Dutch Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie) under a Governor General in Batavia on Java, the regents held higher protocollary rank than the white officials who supposedly advised them and held day-to-day sway over the population. After the independence of Indonesia in 1945, the terms bupati and kabupaten were applied throughout the archipelago to the administrative unit below the residency (karesidenan).

      Recent history

      Since the start of Reformasi in 1998 a remarkable proliferation of district governments has arisen in Indonesia. This process has become known as pemekaran ("proliferation" or "blossomming"). Following the surge of support for decentralisation across Indonesia which occurred following the end of the Soeharto era in 1998, key new decentralisation laws were passed in 1999. Subsequently, there was a jump in the number of districts from around 300 at the end of 1998 to over 490 in 2008 ten years later. This proliferation of new districts, welcome at first, has become increasingly controversial within Indonesia because the administrative fragmentation has proved costly and has not brought the hoped-for benefits.

      Senior levels of the administration have expressed a general feeling that the process of pemekaran now needs to be slowed down (or even stopped for the time being) but local politicians at various levels across government in Indonesia continue to express strong populist support for the continued creation of new districts.[4]

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      Jambi

      No Regency Capital
      1 Batang Hari Muara Bulian
      2 Bungo Bungo
      3 Kerinci Siulak
      4 Merangin Bangko
      5 Muaro Jambi Sengeti
      6 Sarolangun Sarolangun
      7 East Tanjung Jabung Kuala Tungkal
      8 West Tanjung Jabung Muara Sabak
      9 Tebo Tebo
      No City
      1 Jambi Jambi
      2 Sungai Penuh Sungai Penuh
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      Bengkulu

      No Regency Capital
      1 Central Bengkulu Karang Tinggi
      2 Kaur Bintuhan
      3 Kepahiang Kepahiang
      4 Lebong Muara Aman
      5 Muko-Muko Muko-Muko
      6 North Bengkulu Argamakmur
      7 Rejang Lebong Curup
      8 Seluma Tais
      9 South Bengkulu Manna
      No City
      1 Bengkulu Bengkulu
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      South Sumatra

      No Regency Capital
      1 Banyuasin Pangkalan Balai
      2 East Ogan Komering Ulu Martapura
      3 Empat Lawang Tebing Tinggi
      4 Lahat Lahat
      5 Muarama Enim Muara Enim
      6 Musi Banyuasin Sekayu
      7 Musi Rawas Muara Beliti Baru
      8 Ogan Ilir Indralaya
      9 Ogan Komering Ilir Kayuagung
      10 Ogan Komering Ulu Baturaja
      11 Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Talang Ubi
      12 South Ogan Komering Ulu Muaradua
      No City
      1 Lubuklinggau Lubuklinggau
      2 Pagar Alam Pagar Alam
      3 Palembang Palembang
      4 Prabumulih Prabumulih
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      Lampung

      No Regency Capital
      1 Central Lampung Gunung Sugih
      2 East Lampung Sukadana
      3 Mesuji Mesuji
      4 North Lampung Kotabumi
      5 Pesawaran Gedong Tataan
      6 Pringsewu Pringsewu
      7 South Lampung Kalianda
      8 Tanggamus Kota Agung
      9 Tulang Bawang Menggala
      10 Way Kanan Blambangan Umpu
      11 West Lampung Liwa
      12 West Pesisir Krui
      13 West Tulang Bawang Central Tulang Bawang
      No City
      1 Bandar Lampung Bandar Lampung
      2 Metro Metro
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      East Java

      No Regency Capital
      1 Bangkalan Regency Bangkalan
      2 Banyuwangi Banyuwangi
      3 Blitar Wlingi
      4 Bojonegoro Bojonegoro
      5 Bondowoso Bondowoso
      6 Gresik Gresik
      7 Jember Jember
      8 Jombang Jombang
      9 Kediri Pare
      10 Lamongan Lamongan
      11 Lumajang Lumajang
      12 Madiun Madiun
      13 Magetan Magetan
      14 Malang Kepanjen
      15 Mojokerto Mojokerto
      16 Nganjuk Nganjuk
      17 Ngawi Regency Ngawi
      18 Pacitan Pacitan
      19 Pamekasan Pamekasan
      20 Pasuruan Pasuruan
      21 Ponorogo Ponorogo
      22 Probolinggo Probolinggo
      23 Sampang Sampang
      24 Sidoarjo Sidoarjo
      25 Situbondo Situbondo
      26 Sumenep Sumenep
      27 Trenggalek Trenggalek
      28 Tuban Tuban
      29 Tulungagung Tulungagung
      No City
      1 Batu Batu
      2 Blitar Blitar
      3 Kediri Kediri
      4 Madiun Madiun
      5 Malang Malang
      6 Mojokerto Mojokerto
      7 Pasuruan Pasuruan
      8 Probolinggo Probolinggo
      9 Surabaya Surabaya
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      Central Kalimantan

      No Regency Capital
      1 East Barito Tamiang
      2 East Kotawaringin Sampit
      3 Gunung Mas Kuala Kurun
      4 Kapuas Kapuas
      5 Katingan Kasongan
      6 Lamandau Nanga Bulik
      7 Murung Raya Puruk Cahu
      8 North Barito Muarateweh
      9 Pulang Pisang Pulang Pisau
      10 Sukamara Sukamara
      11 Seruyan Kuala Pembuang
      12 South Barito Buntok
      13 West Kotawaringin Pangkalan Bun
      No City
      1 Palangkaraya Palangkaraya
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      South Sulawesi

      No Regency Capital
      1 Bantaeng Bantaeng
      2 Barru Barru
      3 Bone Watampone
      4 Bulukumba Bulukumba
      5 East Luwu Malili
      6 Enrekang Enrekang
      7 Gowa Sungguminasa
      8 Jeneponto Bontosunggu
      9 Luwu Belopa
      10 North Luwu Masamba
      11 North Toraja Rantepao
      12 Maros Maros
      13 Pangkajene Islands Pangkajene
      14 Pinrang Pinrang
      15 Selayar Islands Benteng
      16 Sinjai Sinjai
      17 Sidenreng Rappang Sidenreng
      18 Soppeng Watan Soppeng
      19 Takalar Takalar
      20 Tana Toraja Makale
      21 Wajo Sengkang
      No City
      1 Makassar Makassar
      2 Palopo Palopo
      3 Pare-Pare Pare-Pare
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      South East Sulawesi

      No Regency Capital
      1 Bombana Rumbia
      2 Buton Bau-Bau
      3 East Kolaka Tirawuta
      4 Kolaka Kolaka
      5 Konawe Unaaha
      6 Muna Raha
      7 North Buton Burangga
      8 North Kolaka Lasusua
      9 North Konawe Wanggudu
      10 South Konawe Andolo
      11 Wakatobi Wangi-Wangi
      No City
      1 Bau-Bau Bau-Bau
      2 Kendari Kendari
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      Central Sulawesi

      No Regency Capital
      1 Banggai Luwuk
      2 Banggai Islands Salakan
      3 Buol Buol
      4 Banggai Laut Banggai
      5 Donggala Donggala
      6 Morowali Bungku
      7 Parigi Moutong Parigi
      8 Poso Poso
      9 Sigi Sigi Biromaru
      10 Tojo Una-Una Ampana
      11 Toli-Toli Toli-Toli
      No City
      1 Palu Palu
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      West Papua

      No Regency Capital
      1 Fak-Fak Fak-Fak
      2 Kaimana Kaimana
      3 Manokwari Manokwari
      4 Maybrat Kumurkek
      5 Raja Ampat Waisai
      6 Pegunungan Arfak Anggi
      7 Sorong Aimas *
      8 South Manokwari Ransiki
      9 South Sorong Teminabuan
      10 Tambrauw Fef
      11 Teluk Bintuni Bintuni
      12 Teluk Wondama Rasiei
      No City
      1 Sorong Sorong
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      Papua

      No Regency Capital
      1 Asmat Agats
      2 Biak Numfor Biak
      3 Boven Digoel Tanahmerah
      4 Central Mamberamo Kobakma
      5 Deiyai Tigi
      6 Dogiyai Kigamani
      7 Intan Jaya Sugapa
      8 Jayapura Sentani
      9 Jayawijaya Wamena
      10 Keerom Waris
      11 Lanny Jaya Tiom
      12 Mamberamo Raya Burmeso
      13 Mappi Kepi
      14 Merauke Merauke
      15 Mimika Timika
      16 Nabire Nabire
      17 Nduga Kenyam
      18 Paniai Enarotali
      19 Pegunungan Bintang Oksibil
      20 Puncak Ilaga
      21 Puncak Jaya Kota Mulia
      22 Sarmi Sarmi
      23 Supiori Sorendiweri
      24 Tolikara Karubaga
      25 Waropen Botawa
      26 Yahukimo Sumohai
      27 Yalimo Elelim
      28 Yapen Islands Serui
      No City
      1 Jayapura Jayapura
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      References

      1. ^ Turner, Mark; Owen Podger, Maria S. Sumardjono, Wayan K. Tirthayasa, (2003). Decentralisation in Indonesia: redesigning the state. Australian National University. Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government. ISBN 0-7315-3697-5. 
      2. ^ Indonesia - CIA WOrld Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2013 
      3. ^ "Profil Daerah". Indonesian Ministry of Interior. 
      4. ^ Yosua Sitomorang, 'Strategic Asia: When it comes to Regional Autonomy in Indonesia, Breaking Up Should be Harder to Do', The Jakarta Globe, 9 June 2010.
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      Last modified on 19 June 2013, at 02:47